Friday, October 10, 2008

Midterm Exams

The following exams are due one week from today sent to me as an e-mail attachment to my Google address; drcshaffer@gmail.com. Make sure you specify your name, course and location in the subject line of the e-mail. Every answer must be preceded by the term or question. Each half of the test counts for half of your grade
E-mail me if you have questions. Good Luck! CS

Anatomy and Physiology 1
FIRST LECTURE EXAM

Vocabulary: Answer in order and list all terms! Write the number and the term before you write your definition on your answer sheet. If you cannot define a term, write the number and term but leave the answer blank. Your text will be used as the criterion for a correct answer.
1. mitochondria 23. pathology
2. Golgi body 24. metabolism
3. endoplasmic reticulum 25. lateral
4. ribosomes 26. medial
5. scanning electron microscope 27. ventral
6. nucleolus 28. caudal
7. supine 29. inferior
8. cell theory 30. superior
9. covalent bond 31. distal
10. ionic bond 32. proximal
11. hydrogen bond 33. superficial
12. polar covalent bond 34. positive feedback
13. pH 35. negative feedback
14. element 36. crenation
15. mass 37. hyposomotic
16. catalysts 38. isotonic
17. enzymes 39. basal body
18. crossing over 40. codons
19. haploid number 41. transcription
20. tetrad 42. translation
21. organelles 43. messenger RNA
22. carrier proteins 44. exons

Short Answer Essay Questions: Answer in order and be sure answer every part of a multiple part question! Partial answers are given at your risk!
A. Define inorganic and organic chemistry
B. Define element and atom. What four elements are found in the greatest abundance in humans?
C. List the layers of the integument and describe the function of each.
D. Define filtration and give an example of where it occurs in the body.
E. Define serous membranes. Differentiate between parietal and visceral serous membranes. What is the function of serous membranes?
F. What is the anatomic position in humans and why is it important?
G. List 7 organ systems and several major organs found in each and give the function(s) of each.
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Anatomy and Physiology 2
FIRST LECTURE EXAM


Vocabulary: Answer in order and list all terms! Write the number and the term before you write your definition on your answer sheet. If you cannot define a term, write the number and term but leave the answer blank. Your text will be used as the criterion for a correct answer.
1. afterpotential 23. tegmentum
2. action potential 24. reticular formation
3. resting potential 25. thalamus
4. summate 26. mammillary bodies
5. microglia 27. infundibulum
6. ependymal 28. posterior pituitary gland
7. choroid plexuses 29. limbic system
8. astrocytes 30. corpus striatum
9. blood-brain barrier 31. substantia nigra
10. synaptic vesicles 32. trigeminothalamic tract
11. Golgi tendon organ 33. visual cortex
12. brachial plexus 34. cerebellar comparator function
13. dorsal rami 35. vitreous humor
14. dermatome 36. glaucoma
15. pia mater 37. ophthalmoscope
16. gray matter 38. macula lutea
17. commissures 39. fovea centralis
18. subarachnoid space 40. rods
19. sacral plexus 41. cones
20. meninges 42. rhodopsin
21. red nuclei 43. transducin
22. cerebral peduncles 44. parasympathetic division

Short Answer Essay Questions: Answer in order!
A. Explain how the autonomic nervous system (AN S) coordinates the activities of different organs.
B. Use the fight-or-flight response and the acronym SLUDD to describe the physiological responses produced by the ANS.
C. What limits the activities of intracellular mediator molecules such as c-AMP, and phosphorylated proteins?
D. List the releasing and inhibiting hormones that are released from hypothalamic neurons
E. The secretion rate for the hormone ADH changes in response to alterations in what two factors.
F. Describe two negative feedback mechanisms involving hormones regulating thyroid hormones
G. Describe the 3 layers of the adrenal cortex and describe the hormones each makes.
H. What is a primary odor? Name seven possible examples. How do the primary odors relate to our ability to smell different odors?
I. Name the four main components of the diencephalon.
J. Name the three parts of a chemical synapse?

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Biology 1
MIDTERM LECTURE EXAM

Vocabulary: Answer in order and list all terms! Write the number and the term before you write your definition on your answer sheet. If you cannot define a term, write the number and term but leave the answer blank. Your texts will be used as the criterion for a correct answer.
1. covalent bond 23. lipid
2. hydrophobic reaction 24. protein
3. hydrogen bond 25. fat
4. haploid 26. amino acids
5. diploid 27. steroids
6. dominant trait 28. phospholipids
7. allele 29. protein conformation
8. locus 30. meiosis
9. independent assortment 31. mitosis
10. segregation (genetic) 32. semiconservative replication
11. mitochondria 33. codon/anticodon combination
12. ribosomes 34. nucleolar organizers
13. Golgi body 35. oligosaccharide
14. nucleolus 36. smooth endoplasmic reticulum
15. bilamellar membrane 37. cell fractionation
16. pH 38. polysomes
17. hydroxyl ions 39. cytoskeleton
18. endoplasmic reticulum 40. microtubules
19. flagellum 41. receptor mediated endocytosis
20. ionic bond 42. x linked recessive trait
21. hydrogen bond 43. basal body
22. chemical equilibrium 44. osmotic pressure

Short Answer Essay Questions: Answer in order! (5 points each)
A. Compare and contrast meiosis with mitosis.
B. Diagram and describe in detail how protein is made from DNA. Include all intermediates.
C. Diagram and describe the structure of a eukaryotic cell membrane. List at least five mechanisms by which “things” can get across this membrane
D. Diagram and describe the structure of an animal cell. List the functions of all the organelles (you need at least 10) that you include in your diagram.
E. Diagram and describe a binocular light microscope. List the function of each component. Compare and contrast light and electron microscopy.
F. Diagram and describe the patterns of inheritance for (a) an x linked dominant trait (b) a y linked trait, and (c) an autosomal recessive trait.
G. Diagram a Punnet square for a hybrid cross between flies having the genotype Ww.
H. Diagram and describe at least two different systems for determining gender in different species.
I. Describe meiotic non-disjunction and list at least one disease caused by it.
J. List and describe at least three ways bacteria exchange DNA and their significance in medicine.
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MIROBIOLOGY FALL TERM EXAM 1


General Instructions: Please number or letter all questions in order and answer them in order. Write out each term immediately preceding your answer. Incomplete or partial essay answers may receive partial credit (to be determined by the instructor). Complete answers are required for any credit on the vocabulary portion of the test. Acquiring or exchanging information after the test has started and prior to the time all class members have completed both (lecture and lab) exams may be considered academic dishonesty and result in failure of one or both tests.

Vocabulary:
1. glycocalyx 23. endospores
2. spontaneous generation 24. prions
3. virus 25. element
4. covalent bond 26. organic compound
5. atomic number 27. atomic weight
6. hydrogen bond 28. ion
7. pH 29. adenosine triphosphate
8. amino acid 30. binding proteins
9. peptide 31. denaturation
10. Louis Pasteur 32. oligosaccharides
11. RNA (functions) 33. DNA (functions)
12. steroids 34. prokaryotic cells
13. resolution 35. contrast
14. magnification 36. phase contrast microscope
15. interference microscope 37. dark filed microscope
16. fluorescence microscope 38. differential stains
17. acid-fast stain 39. capsule stain
18. acridine orange 40. phototrophs
19. autotrophs 41. disinfectants
20. antiseptics 42. nosocomial infections
21. lyophilization 43. TCA cycle
22. glycolysis 44. electron transport chain

SHORT ANSWER ESSAY QUESTIONS: You need not write the question before your answer, simply designate your answer with the proper letter.
A. Diagram and describe the steps in the process of respiration.
B. Diagram and describe the steps in the process of glycolysis.
C. List and briefly describe 5 physical methods for destroying microbes.
D. List and briefly describe 5 chemical methods for destroying microbes.
E. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of electron microscopy over light microscopy. In the process explain the physical basis of these differences.
F. List and describe the function(s) of 5 prokaryotic cell structures.
G. List and describe 3 methods by which substances cross into or out of bacterial cells.
H. How could you distinguish sucrose and lactose from protein by analyzing the elements in the molecules?
I. Diagram, label and describe the Bohr model of the atom.
J. Describe why signaling is important in animal cells. Give specific examples of signaling.

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